[44] The owner of the hotel, Virgil McVicker, believed that the fire was caused by an explosion in the boiler room. On September 7, 1943, a fire broke out in the Gulf Hotel in downtown Houston, Texas, killing 55 people. Feb. 10, 1981 An arson at the Las Vegas Hilton Hotel killed eight people and injured scores more. Just after 7:00 on the morning of November 21, 1980, a fire broke out in a restaurant known as The Deli. [64] The station of the first companies due at the scene was only 100 feet down an alley to the southeast of the hotel, yet they saw no smoke or fire when they arrived about two minutes later. The Free Encyclopedia of Washington State History. Caught unawares, many people were trapped on the upper floors, and most of the deaths were among people forced to jump. [1][47][48] It was said to be the worst arson fire in Seattle. Jun 05, 2016 at 3:00 pm. Standing there on the street he was in safety; he knew the danger of going back. [10][11] Among the dead were seven Michigan state legislators: state senator John Leidlein and state representatives T. Henry Howlett, Charles D. Parker, Vern Voorhees, John W. Goodwine, Don E. Sias, and D. Knox Hanna, who were in town for a special session of the state legislature. A marker is also erected in the Pleasant Valley Cemetery commemorating the dead, though only nine are on the marker. [1] 12 people died in the hotel, which was opened in 1980. Witnesses said they heard explosions . Jurors in the criminal case werent swayed by Kellys argument about the hotel being responsible, because the building was up to the current fire codes, the jury foreman said. Thats the one thing I want to get across.". [1] After the fire, safety doors to enclosed stairwellslater known as "Ponet Doors", after the hotelwere installed in all pre-1943 residential structures of three stories or more in Los Angeles. It was the worst fire in that city since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, killing 22 and injuring 27. In 1999, a plaque was added to the back of the Hickling monument containing the names of 10 of the 11 men who perished: Wilbur Smith, carpenter; J.J. Funston, labourer; Jas. 34 people died and 44 were injured, including 14 firemen. A fellow guest filmed the star as he evacuated down the hotel's fire steps. At one point the aerial ladder of one company's truck, which was more than 25 years old, froze barely a dozen feet in the air. [1], On January 28, 1966, a fire broke out in the 11-story Paramount Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, killing 11 people[1] and injuring 57. The other nine victims were buried in one large, mass grave. The historic Veranda House Hotel on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, was damaged Saturday after a huge blaze ripped through the building. Fire broke out in the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on New Year's Eve 1986, killing 98 people[1] and injuring 140. On January 10, 1883, a fire destroyed the Newhall House Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 71 people. In March 1982, a fire broke out in the Westchase Hilton Hotel in Houston, Texas. He was sentenced in December 1986 to 10 years in prison for an arson at the Sands Hotel. People stick their heads out of the windows at the LaSalle Hotel during a fire on June 5, 1946. "But we gave him no parole because after MGM he should have known how disastrous hotel fires could be.". [13] Memorials are still held to remember those who died in the fire; the most recent gathering occurred in December 2003, for the 40th anniversary of the blaze. [53] He was released on April 2, 2013 after his conviction was called into question. Officials said in the release Sunday that the property was last inspected on April 12, when officials found it had a functioning alarm system and fire extinguishers. [63][64] The Coates House was a former luxury hotel, and the building dated to 1886 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, but it had become a single room occupancy hotel mainly housing the poor and elderly. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google [19] One child was trapped on the third floor of the hotel and screamed for 15 minutes before he died in the flames. [34], The fire started in the 15-story building early in the morning, and engulfed all the floors of the hotel. [12] The building was placed in the National Register of Historic Places in February 1991. Openings in vertical shafts (elevators and stairwells) and seismic joints allowed toxic smoke to spread to the top floor. He never told his family, and he never told his lawyers. [18] One man, James Brown, pushed his wife Mabel out of the window when she refused to jump; she was killed but he survived. [11], The former Hotel Roosevelt, located on Adams Street in downtown, is still standing. On March 17, 1899, the Windsor Hotel at 575 Fifth Avenue caught fire, the first smoke and flames billowing from the building just as the city's annual St. Patrick's Day parade reached 47th Street. [4], On March 17, 1899, in the deadliest hotel fire in New York City's history, the Windsor Hotel was destroyed, with approximately 86 being killed. Fire officials rushed to help, entering the building without protective equipment, to ensure that no one was stranded in the inferno, the report said. By then his growing rap sheet included charges of possessing stolen property, possessing burglary tools and embezzlement. [40] The fire spread to adjacent buildings, all of which were closed for the season except for workmen, who were able to escape. "[3] The Journal's expose secured it subscriptions, giving it viability in Milwaukee's competitive newspaper market. Prominent Thomson businessman and civic leader Peter Knox and his wife, in Atlanta for a doctor's appointment, were among the dead. [24], On January 16, 1945, a fire at the General Clark Hotel on the north side of the loop in Chicago, Illinois, killed 14 people. The researchers believe she fell from a height of some 40 feet, hitting the. 110 Years Ago Salvation Army collection wagon swallowed in Farber Court cave-in; SUBMIT ONLINE [45] No cause was determined, however a hotel spokesperson stated that it may have started in a staging area erected for plumbing work.[46]. The fire was caused by the ignition of garbage in closet above the boiler. The fire consumed 4 large buildings and required over 700 firefighters operating 110 apparatus to put out. Husband supported the idea of a memorial immediately after the fire, and at its dedication in December, gave a most eloquent speech about Hickling, as reported in the Vernon News. January 13 is the 110th anniversary of the Rhoads Opera House Fire in Boyertown, Pennsylvania. The deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history killed 119 people 70 years ago this week and led to new and lasting fire safety standards for hotels and other public buildings. District Judge Michelle Leavitt set another hearing for March 9 to appoint him a standby attorney through the Clark County public defenders office. "Lastly to all the outpouring of water, Gatorade, food, and thoughts from the community, The Department members THANK YOU," he wrote. [61], In January 1977, a fire broke out in the Stratford Hotel in Breckenridge, Minnesota, killing 17 people. Then October 26, 1913, seven people, including some firemen, died fighting fire on the block. Fingers were pointed at hotel co-owner S.J. Shortly after 8 p.m., firetrucks surrounded the burning hotel. He was probably headed to prison one way or another. Contributing factors that added to the severity of this incident were delayed alarms, open stairways, and the presence of combustible materials. Clines roommate had warned him not to smoke it all at once advice he ignored. I can speak no fitting words in extolment of such a deed as this. Lucy, an example of the oldest known hominid australopithecus afarensis, died at roughly 15 years old in present-day Ethiopia.A small creature, about 3 feet 6 inches tall and only 60 pounds, she . The fire spread throughout the building via the stairway. Fourteen men and six women die and 10 others are hospitalized with serious injuries. On December 4, 1980, a fire broke out at the Stouffer's Inn of Westchester, a newly built hotel and conference center in Purchase, New York, killing 26 people. "He wasnt trying to hurt anybody. National TV networks gave live coverage of the fire and the rescue operations undertaken by Puerto Rican firefighters, using helicopter services and rescuing people from the roof of the hotel. "I would like to further state the heroic efforts of several community members including Patrick Marks, Jim McIntosh and off-duty Captain Nathan Barber (and I am sure I may be missing names) [who] saved lives on Saturday," Nantucket Fire Chief Stephen A. Murphy said in the release Sunday. At least 20 people were killed, half of them children, and almost 60 were injured when fire swept through a central Paris hotel before dawn today. FIRE Terrace is a year-round rooftop bar where you can eat and drink alfresco. [58], On July 7, 1975, a fire broke out in the Pomona Hotel in Portland, Oregon, killing 11 people (initially reported as eight). 1943 The Meadows Hotel and Casino, built in 1931, burned down when the Las Vegas Fire Department ignored the alarm, because the Meadows was outside the city limits, east of Fremont Street and Charleston Boulevard. Retired Las Vegas police homicide Detective Chuck Lee, who got Clines confession during a polygraph test, always believed Cline intentionally set the deadly fire, perhaps as part of a homosexual encounter in that eighth-floor elevator lobby. [64] The hotel was gutted and the southern wing destroyed. Its interesting to note different spellings of Gannett/Jarrett and McKay/Mackey on the monument and headstone. Lucy sent its first signal to Earth from its own antenna to NASA's Deep Space Network at 6:40 a.m. He works sorting casino playing cards and repackaging them to be sold to tourists. At the time, it was the third fire that the hotel suffered in several weeks, but fire investigators did not connect the trio of blazes. The intentionally set blaze took the lives of 14 people, more . 0:00. It was 110 years ago Saturday that Laurence Archibald (Archie) Hickling, a common man, as described in the Vernon News, was one of 11 men who died in a fire at the Okanagan Hotel. Just four days into its journey from Southampton, England, to New . One witness recounted how she "grabbed whatever" & Now investigators are looking into violations of those standards in Oakland, California, where 36 people perished at a Dec. 2 concert inside the "Ghost Ship" warehouse. [87], On October 31, 2006, a fire in the 84-year-old Mizpah Hotel in Reno, Nevada, killed 12 people. EDITORS NOTE: This story has been upgraded with files from the Vernon and District Family History Society, The headstone erected for nine of the victims in Vernons Pleasant Valley Cemetery, including hero Archie Hickling, killed in the Aug. 10, 1909, fire at the Okanagan Hotel in downtown Vernon. The Hotel Roosevelt fire, on December 29, 1963, [1] was the worst fire that Jacksonville, Florida, had seen since the Great Fire of 1901, [2] and it contributed to the worst one-day death toll in the city's history: 22 people died, mostly from carbon monoxide poisoning. Thick black smoke filled the air ducts and escape . 1902:Hotel Fire in Chicago : IN OUR PAGES:100, 75 AND 50 YEARS AGO. However, 21 of the people who died in the fire died in their beds of smoke inhalation; the other fatality was assistant chief J.R. Romedy of the Jacksonville Fire Department, who died of a heart attack on the scene during the rescue effort. About 200 others were injured in the blaze. The son of a career Air Force veteran, Cline left his Bay Area home about 1980 and moved to Las Vegas, a glittering town he had once run away to as a young teen. The victims are . Twenty-six of them . Open transoms in the rooms helped spread the fire. The airmen helped the patrons out of the building, and transported them to a nearby parking lot, where ambulances were already waiting.[7]. It just comes back and gets you.". 0:15. The Hilton would eventually pay $16.5 million of a $22.8 million settlement to end a federal court lawsuit filed by fire victims naming the hotel and various companies responsible for its construction and furnishings. The hotels famous neon-lit windmill toppled in the blaze. The inquest recommended more modern fire fighting equipment be purchased and more fire hydrants be placed on Barnard Avenue. He set the fire by lighting gasoline-soaked newspapers an alcove adjacent to the front entrance. Wyatte Grantham-Philips, USA TODAY 4/15/2022. Fire chief Huttner initially though the fire was caused by a boiler that had exploded in the furnace room,[18] but it was later concluded that it was a "heat explosion" caused by a burning cigarette thrown into the garbage chute that had set fire to the thin wooden walls of the hotel. The fire originated in this room and quickly engulfed the casino and the lobby; smoke spread from the two-story lobby to other floors, and flames spread over an area of 437m. The paper reported an "appalling story of neglect, falsehood, manipulation and concealing of truth that preceded the tragedy. Fires like Saturday's are a rare occurrence on the Strip, where a deadly blaze at what is now Bally's in 1980 prompted major updates in fire safety design and equipment at resorts. [6], The Hotel Adams in Phoenix, Arizona was completely destroyed by an early morning fire which started in the hotel's basement. 1 of 22. The jury spared Clines life, but in giving him eight consecutive prison sentences of life without parole, it all but assured he would die behind bars. Bedsheets tied into makeshift ropes hung from windows. [42] By 9:30am the fire had been suppressed, and approximately 475 people were successfully rescued, including four from the roof. [33], On December 7, 1946, a fire broke out in the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, killing 119 people. Veranda House Hotel did not have a fire sprinkler system, which it was not required to have when it was built, officials said. Dubai (AFP) - A huge fire ripped through a luxury Dubai hotel Thursday night, injuring 16 people, just a few hours before the emirate celebrated the new year with a spectacular fireworks. Dana Fuller, 25, and Terry Brown, 21, had gone into the burning apartment building in downtown Bellows Falls to find the trapped residents in the rundown hotel. [1] The fire started in the two-level conference center of the hotel, adjacent to the four-story, 365-room hotel tower. ", "At least 13 die in New Jersey hotel fire", "Handyman Sentenced To 20 Years For Hotel Fire", "St. George Hotel Complex 16- Alarm Fire", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_hotel_fires_in_the_United_States&oldid=1133991698, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 13:32. [3] [4] Because of the two incidents, there was a major reformation of state fire safety guidelines and codes. The fire alarm system was not tied to the local fire department, and although some people reported a bell ringing, they failed to realize it was the emergency alarm bell. The fire department was also able to save some. Contact reporter Brian Haynes at bhaynes@reviewjournal.com or 702-383-0281. 3. "You set a fire in a crowded hotel what do you expect?". However, the new rules are reported to have made many people homeless in the 1980s, since those living in low-income housing could not afford to make the mandated changes and hence deserted their houses. "He probably was looking for a little stardom," Zeller said. The building, at 4th Avenue and Church Street, was one of the city's most famous structures until a fire severely damaged . Firefighters remained on the scene through the night into Sunday, according to the release. [30] The hotel was refurbished after the fire and was finally demolished in July 1976; its lot is now occupied by the Two North LaSalle office building. The fire started in the ballroom's ceiling. The guard left to find another one, and the flames kept growing. "Hes in the place he needs to be," said Zeller, who now works in the Hilton accounting department. March 15, 2012 An arsonist set a fire in a room under renovation at the Golden Nugget. Over 110 people - including 30 children - died in the blaze. [86], On August 26, 1995 a fire broke out in the Clark Building of the 100-year-old Hotel St. George in Brooklyn, New York. [46] Crews from 25 communities fought the blaze, which was not put out until 2:48 p.m. on May 10. The liability case was settled out of court for US$6million.[73]. Privacy Policy and In the northwest corner of Vernons Polson Park stands a monument to bravery. 4 min read. Also killed in the fire were Dennis McFarland, 32, Boone, Iowa; Frank Greenfield, 22, West Bloomfield, Mich.; Robert Leach, 54, Honolulu; Harry Gaines, 69, and his wife, Lorraine Gaines, 67, Los Angeles; Zeny Carvalho, 64, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jack Turinsky, 41, Anchorage, Alaska. Investigators tried to replicate the cigarette igniting the curtains and couldnt. [53], On January 16, 1972, a fire broke out in the Pennsylvania House Hotel in Tyrone, Pennsylvania, killing 12 people. Cline said he was on his break when he sat on the couch in the elevator lobby to smoke a marijuana cigarette mixed with cocaine and dipped in PCP that his roommate had given him. [44] However, several victims died of asphyxiation from the heavy wood smoke. [31] The La Salle fire prompted the Chicago city council to enact new hotel building codes and fire-fighting procedures, including the installation of automatic alarm systems and fire safety instructions inside hotel rooms. [1] The 75-year-old hotel lacked alarm systems, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and stairway fire doors. Other agencies that responded included the North Las Vegas Fire Department, Las Vegas Fire & Rescue and the Henderson Fire Department. Hockey Leagues 1st Star of the Month. The only route for people to escape was a single stairway; the building had no fire sprinklers, fire escapes, fire doors, or even an alarm bell. On the night of the fire, 42 of the 62 rooms were occupied. [48], On September 13, 1970, a fire broke out in the Ponet Square Hotel at Pico Boulevard and Grand Avenue in Los Angeles, killing 19 people. It was the worst single-day death toll in Jacksonville's history; even the Great Fire of 1901 had fewer fatalities. "[6], Mayor W. Haydon Burns immediately called for assistance from the U.S. Navy, and eight helicopters were flown to downtown from Cecil Field and NAS Jacksonville. The hotel was erected in 1684, The Globe reported, and it has hosted famous guests like Fred Rogers of "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.". [70] No one was ever charged with the crime; in 2015 suspicions were raised that Phillips himself, who had since become the town's fire chief, might have set the fire. Two other buildings caught fire, the fire department said. He also wrote that he had grabbed a wastebasket and filled it with water in an attempt to quell the flames. "A lot of people, I think they think I did it on purpose, and it wasnt done on purpose," he said. Philippines hotel fire reveals neglect of safety standards. All hotel guests were evacuated. Together with the MGM Grand fire, the Stouffer's Inn fire led to the adoption of stricter fire codes on the state and national levels. It comes as more than 100 firefighters battled the fire at a luxury five-star hotel just metres from Harrods in central London. After a day of recovering the dead, firefighters found 20 residents dead in their beds from smoke inhalation. I couldnt handle it. One was held overnight for observation, the release said, and discharged Sunday. June 17, 1960 El Rancho Vegas burned to the ground, as entertainers Pearl Bailey and Betty Grable fled the flames. The fire at the hotel in Windsor broke out at the front of the building at about 15:35 BST on Sunday. Archie Hickling was not bound to do what he did that August morning; he was a member of no organization which made it his duty to risk his life. On June 19, 1946, two weeks after the La Salle Hotel fire, a fire broke out in the six-story 200-room Canfield Hotel in Dubuque, Iowa, killing 19 people. Like us on Facebook. Firefighters rushed to the Wayfinder Hotel on Admiral. The Hotel Roosevelt fire, on December 29, 1963,[1] was the worst fire that Jacksonville, Florida, had seen since the Great Fire of 1901,[2] and it contributed to the worst one-day death toll in the city's history: 22 people died, mostly from carbon monoxide poisoning.[3][4]. [76] The fire was said to be a deliberate act but no one was convicted of causing it. "He called it in and then started the fire," he said. Don Duncan, Washington: The First One Hundred Years: 1889-1989 (Seattle: The Seattle Times, 1989), 108. The fire started in the rear of the building and the first alarm was struck at 9:53 p.m.[45] The hotel's sprinkler system and misty air helped suppress the fire and firefighters initially thought it could be contained. He joined other workers in the employee parking lot and watched the brilliant flames climbing the side of the building, then the largest hotel in the world with 2,783 rooms. . [10], On May 16, 1938,[14] a fire broke out in the Terminal Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, killing 35 people, although some sources claim the death toll was either 27 or 34. Multiple dates available. [1] The five-story hotel was located at Spring and Mitchell Streets across the street from Terminal Station in the Hotel Row district. [1] He had stolen money. Mar 25, 2011. iStock / iStock. Two people were killed in the blaze. An arson fire burned the Alexander Hamilton Hotel in Paterson, New Jersey, on October 18, 1984, killing 15 and injuring 60 others. Dave E. Williams recounts the deadliest hotel fire to date, which claimed 119 lives and injured over 100 people in Atlanta. [5] The old ceiling, which was deemed a fire hazard, was not removed when the new ceiling was installed, providing kindling for the fire, which started from faulty wires. [59] The fire was ruled arson and a suspect was taken into custody, having been seen at the hotel and purchasing gasoline. Support Centre -- A fire apparently caused by a careless smoker destroyed a downtown hotel used as a rooming house for disaster. Albers or former disgruntled hotel manager Alex Smith as the person responsible for the fire. Jan. 25, 2008 A fire at the Monte Carlo casino-hotel injured 17 people, most suffering from smoke inhalation, and closed the Strip resort for three weeks. Monday will mark the 50th anniversary of the single biggest mass homicide in Alaska history, the Lane Hotel fire of Sept. 12, 1966. The woman had testified about walking down the hall to get ice and passing a man on a hotel phone reporting a fire. Preceding the fire, an odor of natural gas was detected in the stairway going down to the first floor. Firefighters received a report that the hotel, which is more than 338 years old, was on fire early Saturday, the Nantucket Fire Department said in a news release. Another victim, Bruce Glenn, 47, of Plymouth, Minn., fell or jumped to his death from a 16th-floor window. I says that not only we in Vernon, but the whole world is richer for this deed of heroism. The fire engulfed the world's largest gambling hall in smoke and flames. The spacecraft is now traveling at roughly 67,000 mph (108,000 kph) on a trajectory that will orbit the Sun and bring it back toward Earth in October 2022 for a gravity assist. Vendome Hotel fire day 1 . 2. Lucy Kennedy photographed at the Gibson Hotel.Picture Credit:Frank McGrath. Im responsible for it. Smoke rises after a fire broke out at the Monte Carlo hotel and casino in Las Vegas on Friday, Jan. 25, 2008. His former client never helped himself, either. "Messing with the drugs. Seventy-five years ago this month the deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history killed more than 100 people in downtown Atlanta. Prosecutors said Thursday that they would consider the death penalty for a man accused in two killings within nine hours of each other. In all of the statements, he wrote how he had discovered the fire, called the operator and banged on doors. The monument to the bravery exhibited by Archie Hickling on Aug. 10, 1909, during the Okanagan Hotel fire stands in Vernons Polson Park. The fire department reported that no civilians were injured in the fire. Nov. 21, 1980 The second worse hotel blaze in United States history, the MGM Grand Hotel fire (the worst was at Atlantas Winecoff Hotel), took 87 lives and injured 700 people. The 211-room four-story hotel had been constructed of brick with a wooden interior, and the fire spread rapidly, trapping many of the hotel's 215 guests inside their rooms and forcing them to escape via fire ladders or life nets. "The actions of the citizens and the Captain saved lives," the report said. [37], On November 18, 1963, a fire broke out in the Surfside Hotel convalescent home[39] in Atlantic City, New Jersey, killing 25 people, mostly elderly Jews. Feb. 18, 2003 A pre-dawn smoky fire at the Aladdin hotel and casino, sparked by a lit cigarette in a laundry chute, caused the evacuation of the 21st and 22nd floors and resulted in six people being treated at the scene for smoke inhalation. [16] The hotel was rebuilt in 1938 and not included in the Hotel Row District. 400,000 years ago . The firemen, are coming to get you. [16], George P. Jones, the hotel manager, reported that there were about 75 people in the hotel at the time of the fire; a substantial number of them were railroad workers. Fourteen men and six women die and 10 others are hospitalized with serious injuries. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [52] He was found guilty of starting a fire in at least two places in the hotel and was imprisoned for life, although he never admitted causing the fire. The fire broke out around 4am and the Kansas City, Missouri Fire department was alerted at 4:12am by the desk clerk. (Vernon and District Family History Society - photo). An updated report Sunday said a fourth firefighter was also seen at a nearby hospital. 1998 The Las Vegas Hilton Hotel reported $1 million in damages from a two-alarm fire that forced the evacuation of six floors, but no one was injured. Guests broke windows and cried for help. The top two floors collapsed. Over a ten-year period, she underwent seven surgeries and lost a leg, but still worked until retirement age and lived until 1992. [48][49][50], The arsonists were never caught, despite a large police inquiry. Kelly said Cline deserves a chance at freedom, but he doubted the governor, attorney general and state Supreme Court justices who comprise the Pardons Board would ever release someone convicted of killing eight people in a Las Vegas hotel fire. Associated Press, Man Convicted in Fatal Hotel Fire Gets 22 Life Terms. Firefighters rescued some people from the. We're fortunate to live in a community that sees only occasional four- or five-alarm fires, requiring help from multiple communities. At the time of the fire, approximately 5,000 people were in the hotel and casino, a 26-story luxury resort with more than 2,000 hotel rooms. The Clark County Fire Department was the first agency to respond. The worst fire in Rutland City s history broke out 40 years ago this month at a former four-story hotel, leaving a hole that has yet to be filled in the Burned into memory Historic and deadly Vermont hotel fire is remembered four decades later | News | rutlandherald.com Skip to main content You have permission to edit this article. Allen Bartz staged a. Nothing was ever proven. A report by the National Fire Protection Association identified one reason for the deaths as inadequate escape routes: the stairways were located at the end of the corridor, so that as the hallways filled with smoke, people were unable to reach them and suffocated. ATLANTA Tuesday marks 75 years since over 100 people lost their lives in what remains the deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history. Something has happened when each of my kids hit 7.5 -they became suddenly fascinated with the ideas of hominids.