Methodological rigour within research is a cornerstone in the production of high-quality findings and recommendations. Nurses should participate in implementing new directions for health care and help envision these new directions. Cyber Awareness 2022. Dev World Bioeth. Nurs Ethics. Definitions of ethical challenge(s) identified in included studies are provided in Table 3. . 2021;32:6784. Bourbonnais A, Rousseau J, Lalonde M-H, Meunier J, Lapierre N, Gagnon M-P. Local communities. The community leaders in a lesser-developed country decide not to tell the citizens of a small village about a chemical spill at a major industrial facility that could produce harmful effects. unconsciously teaches us how to walk, talk, behave, and relate to other people. As the manager, Sun-Jun wants to share his personal satisfaction with the team and decides to take everyone out for lunch to celebrate their success. Conflicting rationales: leaders experienced ethical challenges in community health care for older people. Implement Sci. Of the remaining studies, all but one were single-country studies: Botswana [75], Canada [41, 65], China [57], Denmark [39, 43], Dominican Republic [44], Germany [51, 84], India [61], Iran [38, 46, 49, 68, 70,71,72, 78, 82, 98], Italy [45], Mexico [87], the Netherlands [76], New Zealand [47], Norway [42, 52, 56, 64, 80, 81, 83], Saudi Arabia [34,35,36,37], Tanzania [69, 74], Uganda [67], UK [86], and USA [50, 53, 59, 62, 66, 77, 79, 85, 85]. B. Which form of communication would be the most appropriate in high-context cultures? . Henri Fayol Age Ageing. 68/72 (94%) included studies used terms closely related to synonymously refer to ethical challenge(s) within their manuscript text, with 32 different terms identified and between one and eight different terms mentioned per study. (Check all that apply.). Libertarian philosophy refers to the view that the right to private property is the most important right. The organizing function of management consists of arranging tasks, ______, and other resources needed to accomplish work. Philadelphia, PA: Clarivate Analysis; 2013. Our review further suggested that authors frequently use terms closely related to ethical challenge(s)such as moral dilemmas or ethical issuesinterchangeably with ethical challenge(s) throughout manuscripts, rather than staying with the original term. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. He would be classified as a. J Law Med Ethics. A 2015;22:41727. Quality refers to providing the best care possible. Chapter Summative content analysis combines both the quantitative counting of specific content or words/terms with latent content analysis to identify and categorise their meanings. Stevens A, Garritty C, Hersi M, Moher D. Developing PRISMA-RR, a reporting guideline for rapid reviews of primary studies (Protocol). A company would rely on ISO 9000 to _____. Fourth, for resource reasons, the assessment as to whether a related term was being used interchangeably in the text was undertaken by a single researcher (GS). 2021;35:31534. Tnnessen S, Solvoll B-A, Brinchmann BS. Which of these refers to the application of . Stakeholders views on the ethical challenges of pragmatic trials investigating pharmaceutical drugs. Lalibert M, Williams-Jones B, Feldman DE, Hunt M. Ethical challenges for patient access to physical therapy: views of staff members from three publicly-funded outpatient physical therapy departments. This review is the first, to our knowledge, to identify and describe definitions (and uses) of the widely-utilised concept of ethical challenge(s) within healthcare research. We searched Medline (Ovid interface), Philosophers Index (OVID interface), EMBASE (OVID interface), and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCO interface) for studies indexed over a five-year period between April 2016 and April 2021. People who are outside an organization but are still affected by the organization are called the _____. https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/srqr/. BMC Med Ethics. Int J Pharm Res. 2020;27:1073274820917210. Multiple Choice . 2018;19:62. a. Nurs Ethics. An ethical theory that determines moral value by weighing the consequences ofactions An ethical theory that emphasizes the role of character rather than actions An ethical theory that asserts that self-oriented interests motivate human actions An ethical theory that deems that an action is morally right if the action results in happiness Third, that structured reviews of studies of ethical challenges are likely to include a definition to allow researchers to reliably recognise an ethical challenge in retrieved records. Of the 53 empirical studies, 42 (79%) were qualitative studies [34,35,36, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 47, 48, 50,51,52, 54,55,56,57,58, 60, 62,63,64,65,66,67, 69, 71,72,73,74,75,76,77, 79,80,81, 83,84,85,86], 6 (12%) used a mixed methods approach [45, 46, 53, 59, 61, 68], and 5 (10%) were quantitative [37, 49, 70, 78, 82]. A review of empirical studies. 2021;130:1322. don't purchase items that aren't ethically made or sourced The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. In the hope of prompting a debate on this topic, we therefore undertook a rapid review, which aimed to explore existing definitions of ethical challenge(s) and the use of other closely related terms within recent empirical healthcare ethics literature. Second, that studies aiming to describe empirical data and identify ethical challenges in real-world contexts are most likely to contain a definition to guide researchers in identifying these challenges as they collect and analyse data. PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews. 2014;33:21525. Rapid reviews use abridged systematic review methodology to understand the evidence base on a particular topic in a time and resource efficient manner [18,19,20,21,22]. 2010;5:56. Only 17% (12/72) of retrieved papers presented an explicit definition of ethical challenge(s) before beginning to investigate this concept in context. 2017;15:82. Find alternative solutions: In some cases . Act with integrity, behave in a trustworthy manner, elevate service to others above self-interest, and promote high standards of practice in every setting. According to Gary Hamel, management should be viewed as a(n) _____ to which ongoing improvements and innovation can be made systematically. Mertz M, Inthorn J, Renz G, Rothenberger LG, Salloch S, Schildmann J, et al. Aligned with this aim for rigour, definitional clarity of key terms used within a research project is a component of research quality [10, 11]. (select all that apply). Within both empirical bioethics and descriptive ethics, there has been an accompanying increase in the acknowledgment of the importance of methodological rigour in the empirical elements, including within the recent consensus statement on quality standards in empirical bioethics research by Ives et al. A manager's responsibility to take actions that benefit both society and the business is known as _____ responsibility. Jameton A. The search strategy was tested by successfully retrieving three sentinel studies known to the research team. Nurs Ethics Int J Health Care Prof. 2000;7:31426. tonya told the supplier Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00700-9, https://casp-uk.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist.pdf, https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/coreq/, https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/srqr/, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139939829.006, https://www.equator-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/PRISMA-RRprotocol.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002672, https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000001697, https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.1115, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/moral-dilemmas/, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=859724, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Front Med. ), Fringe benefits, such as a large office or stock options a. D. All of them are purposes of codes of ethics. 2019;19:879. The intellectualist option places a false dichotomy between ethics and religion, thereby saying God has no ethical authority. Answer: Unlock to view answer. 2021;22:114. Tags: Oncol Nurs Forum. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. Place the following obligations of a corporation (as identified by Carroll) in order, starting with the highest-level responsibility at the top of the list and placing the most fundamental obligation at the bottom of the list. Developing and implementing new TB technologies: key informants perspectives on the ethical challenges. Virtue- based ethics are often regarded as a form of ethics that talks more on the role of character instead of the actions. BMC Med Ethics. Data extraction was undertaken using a pre-piloted form, with the first 5 records dually extracted by GS and MD. BMC Public Health. The Cochrane Rapid Review Methods Group has recently released interim methodological guidelines for undertaking rapid reviews [6], advising authors to describe where their protocol deviates from a systematic review and detail any biases that these deviations may introduce [18, 19, 21]. Government regulators The criteria reflect three assumptions. An orderly process that considers ethical principles, client values, and professional obligations is: A public health nurse is examining several issues within daily practice. Only 12/72 studies contained an explicit definition of ethical challenge(s), with significant variety in scope and complexity. a. For the Greatest Self-Interest Long Term For the Greatest Good Respecting Fundamental Rights Shared by Everyone Respecting Impartial Standards of Fairness Equal Opportunity and Employment Komparic A, Dawson A, Boulanger RF, Upshur REG, Silva DS. Which of the following actions best demonstrates this principle? BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;9:59. Kalkman S, van Thiel GJMW, Grobbee DE, Meinecke A-K, Zuidgeest MGP, van Delden JJM, et al. Which of the following represents the role of philosophical ethics in the field of business ethics? The included study locations were evenly distributed, matching the overall pattern of retrieved studies, with studies from high- [48, 50, 56, 66, 81], middle- [57, 98], and low-income settings [48, 69]. 2020;48:56778. Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process. This should either be a priori, or, if using an approach that includes participant participation in the generation of the definition, reporting their final working definition a posteriori. What two things are credited with creating the "global village?". Values are "standards or ideals with which we evaluate actions, people, things, or situations" (Lau & Chan, 2017). California Privacy Statement, Stepney: Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons; 2007. 2012;1:28. Ives J, Dunn M, Molewijk B, Schildmann J, Bre K, Frith L, et al. Woods S, Beaver K, Luker K. Users views of palliative care services: ethical implications. Sun W, Wilson MG, Schreiber D, Wang RH. During the past decade, many cigarette smokers have attempted to quit. Formalize ethical programs. 1 for the PRISMA flowchart. c. Seek ethical community support to enhance character development A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose. The critiques that represents a challenge to virtue-based ethics is that Some things seem like virtues, but are actually just feelings. 2019;26:182233. 2019;146:14956. Educate members of the profession about what constitutes sound, ethical conduct. This variation risks confusion and biasing data analysis and results, reducing confidence in research findings. Garritty C, Gartlehner G, Nussbaumer-Streit B, King VJ, Hamel C, Kamel C, et al. 2019;67:13840. Research across the disciplines: a road map for quality criteria in empirical ethics research. Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers? Nurs Ethics. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review. b. Alahmad G, Richi H, BaniMustafa A, Almutairi AF. A nurse is applying the principle of distributive justice. Definitions were more likely to be found in more recent publications, with 4/12 included studies published in 20162018 [14, 48, 56, 81], and 8/12 published in 20192021 [12, 13, 50, 57, 66, 69, 98, 101]. Demographic However, these assumptions, and the resulting focus on two search terms, allowed for a balance between retrieved record numbers and team resources. Competency, moral character, and "do no harm" are the ethical tenets of assessment. The classical perspective of management had two branches - scientific and administrative This paper reports on the results of a study conducted with a panel of clinical bioethicists in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the purpose of which was to identify the top ethical challenges facing patients and their families in health care. Watt A, Cameron A, Sturm L, Lathlean T, Babidge W, Blamey S, et al. For closely related terms, data was extracted from the authors text, but not from direct quotations from qualitative research. Cookies policy. Donnelly S, Walker S. Enabling first and second year doctors to negotiate ethical challenges in end-of-life care: a qualitative study. These changes reflect the idea of _____. 2018;9:97. Epstein EG, Hamric AB. 2020;28:62844. Restricting the identification of ethical challenge(s) to researchers alone may introduce bias by excluding input from those without bioethical expertise, but with important lived experience of the context under investigation. Quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management are all part of the _____ management viewpoint. However, our review shows how the term is currently being used in the research literature. Data from the remaining included studies was then extracted by GS, with correctness and completeness checked by MD. Nurs Ethics. Tigard DW. If Norway decided to reduce import duties for Germany, which allowed Germany to export more cars to Norway at a lower cost, it would create a stronger tie between these two countries. Klingler C, Silva DS, Schuermann C, Reis AA, Saxena A, Strech D. Ethical issues in public health surveillance: a systematic qualitative review.
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