After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Rajatarangini belongs. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. [6], On the other hand, the 15th century Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, writing in the court of Shah Mir's descendant Budshah, states that Shah Mir came to Kashmir along with his tribe from the country of Panchagahvara (identified as the Panjgabbar valley between Rajouri and Budhal). translator of the Rajataragini. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. 2011 Duke University Press According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Rajatharangini ; Vidwan T.K. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. Has data issue: true From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Total loading time: 0 We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Died young. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. The relative Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Verse 11. Rajatarangini . His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). View all Google Scholar citations magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Rajatarangini/Original languages Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. No examples found, consider adding one please. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region.